What is the difference between Sheol, Hades, Hell, the lake of fire, Paradise, and Abraham’s bosom?

The different terms used in the Bible for heaven and hell—sheol,
hades, gehenna, the lake of fire, paradise, and Abraham's bosom—are
the subject of much debate and can be confusing.

The word "paradise" is used as a synonym for heaven (2 Corinthians
12:3; Revelation 2:7). When Jesus was dying on the cross and one of
the thieves being crucified with Him asked Him for mercy, Jesus
replied, "I tell you the truth, today you will be with me in paradise"
(Luke 23:43). Jesus knew that His death was imminent and that He would
soon be in heaven with His Father. Therefore, Jesus used paradise as a
synonym for heaven, and the word has come to be associated with any
place of ideal loveliness and delight.

Abraham's bosom is referred to only once in the Bible—in the story of
Lazarus and the rich man (Luke 16:19-31). It was used in the Talmud as
a synonym for heaven. The image in the story is of Lazarus reclining
at a table leaning on Abraham's breast—as John leaned on Jesus' breast
at the Last Supper—at the heavenly banquet. There are differences of
opinion about what exactly Abraham's bosom represents. Those who
believe the setting of the story is a period after the Messiah's death
and resurrection see Abraham's bosom as synonymous with heaven. Those
who believe the setting to be prior to the crucifixion see Abraham's
bosom as another term for paradise. The setting is really irrelevant
to the point of the story, which is that wicked men will see the
righteous in happiness, and themselves in torment, and that a "great
gulf" exists between them (Luke 16:26) which will never be spanned.

In the Hebrew Scriptures, the word used to describe the realm of the
dead is sheol. It simply means "the place of the dead" or "the place
of departed souls/spirits." The New Testament Greek equivalent to
sheol is hades, which is also a general reference to "the place of the
dead." The Greek word gehenna is used in the New Testament for "hell"
and is derived from the Hebrew word hinnom. Other Scriptures in the
New Testament indicated that sheol/hades is a temporary place where
souls are kept as they await the final resurrection. The souls of the
righteous, at death, go directly into the presence of God—the part of
sheol called "heaven," "paradise," or "Abraham's bosom" (Luke 23:43; 2
Corinthians 5:8; Philippians 1:23).

The lake of fire, mentioned only in Revelation 19:20 and 20:10, 14-15,
is the final hell, the place of eternal punishment for all unrepentant
rebels, both angelic and human (Matthew 25:41). It is described as a
place of burning sulfur, and those in it experience eternal,
unspeakable agony of an unrelenting nature (Luke 16:24; Mark 9:45-46).
Those who have rejected Christ and are in the temporary abode of the
dead in hades/sheol have the lake of fire as their final destination.

But those whose names are written in the Lamb's book of life should
have no fear of this terrible fate. By faith in Christ and His blood
shed on the cross for our sins, we are destined to live eternally in
the presence of God.